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Answer the following questions on the sampling methods used in these situations.
Identify each of the following scenarios as one of the following:
Note that you will lose 1 mark for every incorrect answer, however the least mark for this part of the question is 0.
Simple Random Sampling | Stratified Sampling | Systematic Sampling | Judgemental Sampling | |
---|---|---|---|---|
With this form of sampling, the researcher decides what he or she constitutes a representative sample. | ||||
One hundred small businesses in Newcastle are placed in alphabetical order and then numbered 1-100. The random number generator is then used to select twenty of these businesses. | ||||
A company has three divisions, and auditors are attempting to estimate the total amounts of the company's accounts receivable. Simple random samples of these accounts were taken for each of the three divisions. |
Simple Random Sampling | Stratified Sampling | Systematic Sampling | Judgemental Sampling | |
---|---|---|---|---|
With this form of sampling, the researcher decides what he or she constitutes a representative sample. | ||||
One hundred small businesses in Newcastle are placed in alphabetical order and then numbered 1-100. The random number generator is then used to select twenty of these businesses. | ||||
A company has three divisions, and auditors are attempting to estimate the total amounts of the company's accounts receivable. Simple random samples of these accounts were taken for each of the three divisions. |
This feedback is on your last submitted answer. Submit your changed answer to get updated feedback.
For each choice, state whether the form of the sampling described is random, quasi-random or non-random.
As before, you will lose 1 mark for every incorrect answer, however the least mark for this part of the question is 0.
Random | Quasi-Random | Non-random | |
---|---|---|---|
With this form of sampling, the researcher decides what he or she constitutes a representative sample. | |||
One hundred small businesses in Newcastle are placed in alphabetical order and then numbered 1-100. The random number generator is then used to select twenty of these businesses. | |||
A company has three divisions, and auditors are attempting to estimate the total amounts of the company's accounts receivable. Simple random samples of these accounts were taken for each of the three divisions. |
Random | Quasi-Random | Non-random | |
---|---|---|---|
With this form of sampling, the researcher decides what he or she constitutes a representative sample. | |||
One hundred small businesses in Newcastle are placed in alphabetical order and then numbered 1-100. The random number generator is then used to select twenty of these businesses. | |||
A company has three divisions, and auditors are attempting to estimate the total amounts of the company's accounts receivable. Simple random samples of these accounts were taken for each of the three divisions. |
This feedback is on your last submitted answer. Submit your changed answer to get updated feedback.
The following table shows daily sales, $X$, in thousands of pounds for a large retailer in 2010.
Calculate the relative percentage frequencies (to one decimal place for all).
Sales | Number of days | Relative Percentages |
---|---|---|
$\var{a[0]}\le X \lt \var{a[1]}$ | $\var{norm1[0]}$ | Expected answer: |
$\var{a[1]}\le X \lt \var{a[2]}$ | $\var{norm1[1]}$ | Expected answer: |
$\var{a[2]}\le X \lt \var{a[3]}$ | $\var{norm1[2]}$ | Expected answer: |
$\var{a[3]}\le X \lt \var{a[4]}$ | $\var{norm1[3]}$ | Expected answer: |
$\var{a[4]}\le X \lt \var{a[5]}$ | $\var{norm1[4]}$ | Expected answer: |
$\var{a[5]}\le X \lt \var{a[6]}$ | $\var{norm1[5]}$ | Expected answer: |
$\var{a[6]}\le X \lt \var{a[7]}$ | $\var{norm1[6]}$ | Expected answer: |
This feedback is on your last submitted answer. Submit your changed answer to get updated feedback.
We show how to calculate the relative percentage frequency for one range of values for $\var{a[r]} \le X \lt \var{a[r+1]}$ - you can then check the rest.
Note that there were $\var{daysopen}$ days in the year when sales took place.
There were $\var{norm1[r]}$ days out of the $\var{daysopen}$ when there were between $\var{a[r]}$ and $\var{a[r+1]}$ thousand pounds worth of sales (including $\var{a[r]}$ thousand but not $\var{a[r+1]}$ thousand) .
Hence the relative frequency percentage for such sales is given by \[100 \times \frac{\var{norm1[r]}}{\var{daysopen}}\%=\var{rel[r]}\%\] to one decimal place.
The following data are the number of orders per month for specialist camera equipment, over a 2 year period, taken by an online warehouse
J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year 1: | 13 | 17 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 9 |
Year 2: | 12 | 13 | 12 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Answer the following questions:
Sample mean = Expected answer: orders. Give your answer to $2$ decimal places.
Sample Standard Deviation = Expected answer: orders. Give your answer to $2$ decimal places.
Sample Median = Expected answer: (Input as an exact decimal).
The interquartile range= Expected answer: (Input as an exact decimal).
This feedback is on your last submitted answer. Submit your changed answer to get updated feedback.
As we have to find the median and the interquartile range it is a good idea to order the data and also to total up the data (for the mean) and find the total of the squares of the data (for the variance).
Data | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 17 |
Squared data | 64 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 121 | 121 | 121 | 121 | 144 | 144 | 144 | 144 | 144 | 169 | 169 | 169 | 169 | 169 | 289 |
Index | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
Note that from the above table:
$n=\var{m*n}$.
$\displaystyle \sum x_i = \var{sum(r)}$ and
$\displaystyle \sum x^2_i = \var{sum(map(x^2,x,r))}$ .
The sample mean is $\bar{x}=\displaystyle \frac{ \sum x_i}{n}=\frac{\var{sum(r)}}{\var{m*n}}=\var{mean(r)}=\var{av}$ to 2 decimal places.
The sample deviation is the square root of the sample variance.
Sample variance:\[\begin{eqnarray*}\frac{1}{ n -1}\left(\sum x_i ^ 2 - n \bar{x} ^ 2\right)&=& \frac{1}{\var{m*n-1}}\left(\var{sum(map(x^2,x,r))}-\var{m*n}\times\var{mean(r)^2}\right)\\&=&\var{variance(r,true)}\end{eqnarray*}\] Note that we used the more accurate value $(\var{mean(r)})^2$ for $\bar{x}^2$.
So the sample standard deviation = $\sqrt{\var{variance(r,true)}}=\var{std}$ to 2 decimal places.
The median is $\var{median(r)} $.
The lower quartile is : $\var{lquartile(r)}$.
The upper quartile is : $\var{uquartile(r)}$.
The interquartile range is the difference between these quartiles =$\var{uquartile(r)}-\var{lquartile(r)}=\var{uquartile(r)-lquartile(r)}$