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The data set at the bottom of this page shows the results of a pregnancy test for {total} patients who visited a medical practice.
\nEfficiently sort the data by copying it into an Excel spreadsheet and inserting a pivot table, then use this information to answer the following questions.
\nThis is one of many short videos on pivot tables that can be found online to explain the steps involved: \"Excel Magic Trick #168: Cross Tabulation For a Survey\"
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", "templateType": "anything"}, "eiii_ind": {"name": "eiii_ind", "group": "Sensitivity etc (part e)", "definition": "random(0..1)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything"}, "D": {"name": "D", "group": "Data and part a", "definition": "CplusD-C", "description": "not pregnant and not positive
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---|---|---|
not pregnant and positive
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", "templateType": "anything"}, "dii_option": {"name": "dii_option", "group": "Probabilties (part d)", "definition": "[\"is pregnant\",\"is not pregnant\",\"tests positive\",\"tests negative\"]", "description": "", "templateType": "anything"}, "diii_options": {"name": "diii_options", "group": "Probabilties (part d)", "definition": "[\"is pregnant\",\"is not pregnant\",\"tests positive\",\"tests negative\"]", "description": "", "templateType": "anything"}, "dii_answer": {"name": "dii_answer", "group": "Probabilties (part d)", "definition": "100/total*[\n [A,C],\n[B,D],\n [A,B],\n [C,D]\n][dii_ind1][mod(dii_ind2,2)]", "description": "", "templateType": "anything"}, "ciii_chosenanswer": {"name": "ciii_chosenanswer", "group": "Size of subsets (part c)", "definition": "ciii_answers[ciii_ind]", "description": "", "templateType": "anything"}, "results": {"name": "results", "group": "Data and part a", "definition": "shuffle(\n repeat(\"pregnant and not positive
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\n\n\n | pregnant | \nnot pregnant | \ntotals | \n
positive test | \n[[0]] | \n[[1]] | \n[[2]] | \n
negative test | \n[[3]] | \n[[4]] | \n[[5]] | \n
totals | \n[[6]] | \n[[7]] | \n$\\var{total}$ | \n
Let $\\,P\\,$ be the set of patients who were pregnant, and $\\,T_+\\,$ be the set of patients who tested positive.
\nFind the values below, representing the size of each section in the Venn diagram.
\n{venn(vl[0],vl[1],vl[2],vl[3])}
\n$|A|=\\,$[[0]]
\n$|B|=\\,$[[1]]
\n$|C|=\\,$[[2]]
\n$|D|=\\,$[[3]]
", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "vlans[0]", "maxValue": "vlans[0]", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "showFractionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}, {"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "vlans[1]", "maxValue": "vlans[1]", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "showFractionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}, {"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "vlans[2]", "maxValue": "vlans[2]", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "showFractionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}, {"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "vlans[3]", "maxValue": "vlans[3]", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "showFractionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": false}, {"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "Find the following values:
\n(i) $\\,\\var{ci_chosen} =$ [[0]]
\n(ii) $\\,\\var{cii_chosen}=$ [[1]]
\n(iii) $\\,\\var{ciii_chosen} =$ [[2]]
\n(iv) The expression in part (iii) describes the number of patients who [[3]]. That is, the number of patients who [[4]].
\n", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": "1", "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "ci_chosenanswer", "maxValue": "ci_chosenanswer", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "showFractionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}, {"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "cii_chosenanswer", "maxValue": "cii_chosenanswer", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "showFractionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}, {"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "ciii_chosenanswer", "maxValue": "ciii_chosenanswer", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "showFractionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}, {"type": "1_n_2", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minMarks": 0, "maxMarks": 0, "shuffleChoices": false, "displayType": "dropdownlist", "displayColumns": 0, "showCellAnswerState": true, "choices": ["were not pregnant or tested positive.", "were not pregnant and tested positive.", "were pregnant or tested negative", "were pregnant and tested negative", "were not pregnant or tested negative", "were not pregnant and tested negative"], "matrix": ["if(ciii_ind=0,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=1,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=2,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=3,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=4,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=5,1,0)"], "distractors": ["", "", "", "", "", ""]}, {"type": "1_n_2", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minMarks": 0, "maxMarks": 0, "shuffleChoices": true, "displayType": "dropdownlist", "displayColumns": 0, "showCellAnswerState": true, "choices": ["did not have a false negative result.", "had a false positive result.", "did not have a false positive result.", "had a false negative result.", "did not have a true positive result.", "had a true negative result."], "matrix": ["if(ciii_ind=0,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=1,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=2,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=3,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=4,1,0)", "if(ciii_ind=5,1,0)"], "distractors": ["", "", "", "", "", ""]}], "sortAnswers": false}, {"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "(i) Based on this data, the point estimate for the probability that a patient {di_chosen} is [[0]]$\\!\\%$ (correct to the nearest percentage).
\n(ii) Based on this data, the point estimate for the probability that a patient {dii_chosen1} and {dii_chosen2} is [[1]]$\\!\\%$ (correct to the nearest percentage).
\n(iii) Based on this data, the point estimate for the probability that a patient who {diii_chosen1} {diii_chosen2} is [[2]]$\\!\\%$ (correct to the nearest percentage).
\nWhich of the following represents this probability?
\n[[3]]
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\n(ii) Based on this data, the point estimate for the {eii_chosen} of the pregnancy test is [[1]]$\\!\\%$ (correct to the nearest percentage).
\n(iii) The {eiii_chosen} likelihood ratio equals $\\,\\var{eiii_fraction}\\,$.
\nBased on this data, the {eiii_chosen} likelihood ratio is [[2]] (correct to 2 significant figures).
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\nIt is known that $\\var{prob}=\\var{prob_val}\\,$.
\nUsing the information already provided, complete both the table and diagram entries.
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$\\var{th[0]}$ | \n$\\var{x1}$ | \n[[0]] | \n[[1]] | \n
$\\var{th[1]}$ | \n[[2]] | \n[[3]] | \n[[4]] | \n
totals | \n[[5]] | \n[[6]] | \n$\\var{z3}$ | \n
{venn(vl2[0],vl2[1],vl2[2],vl2[3],p1,p2)}
\n$|X|=\\,$[[0]]
\n$|Y|=\\,$[[1]]
\n$|Z|=\\,$[[2]]
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$\\var{th[0]}$ | \n[[0]] | \n$\\var{x2}$ | \n[[1]] | \n
$\\var{th[1]}$ | \n[[2]] | \n[[3]] | \n[[4]] | \n
totals | \n[[5]] | \n[[6]] | \n$\\var{z3}$ | \n
{venn(vl2[0],vl2[1],vl2[2],vl2[3],p1,p2)}
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$\\var{th[0]}$ | \n[[0]] | \n[[1]] | \n[[2]] | \n
$\\var{th[1]}$ | \n$\\var{y1}$ | \n[[3]] | \n[[4]] | \n
totals | \n[[5]] | \n[[6]] | \n$\\var{z3}$ | \n
{venn(vl2[0],vl2[1],vl2[2],vl2[3],p1,p2)}
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$\\var{th[0]}$ | \n[[0]] | \n[[1]] | \n[[2]] | \n
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totals | \n[[5]] | \n[[6]] | \n$\\var{z3}$ | \n
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$\\var{th[1]}$ | \n[[3]] | \n[[4]] | \n$\\var{y3}$ | \n
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$\\var{th[0]}$ | \n[[0]] | \n[[1]] | \n[[2]] | \n
$\\var{th[1]}$ | \n[[3]] | \n[[4]] | \n[[5]] | \n
totals | \n$\\var{z1}$ | \n[[6]] | \n$\\var{z3}$ | \n
{venn(vl2[0],vl2[1],vl2[2],vl2[3],p1,p2)}
\n$|X|=\\,$[[0]]
\n$|Y|=\\,$[[1]]
\n$|Z|=\\,$[[2]]
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\nIt is known that $\\var{prob}=\\var{prob_val}\\,$.
\nUsing the information already provided, complete both the table and diagram entries.
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$\\var{th[0]}$ | \n[[0]] | \n[[1]] | \n[[2]] | \n
$\\var{th[1]}$ | \n[[3]] | \n[[4]] | \n[[5]] | \n
totals | \n[[6]] | \n$\\var{z2}$ | \n$\\var{z3}$ | \n
{venn(vl2[0],vl2[1],vl2[2],vl2[3],p1,p2)}
\n$|X|=\\,$[[0]]
\n$|Y|=\\,$[[1]]
\n$|Z|=\\,$[[2]]
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\n(i) $\\,{\\boldsymbol{P}}\\left(T_+\\cap P\\right)=\\,$[[0]]$\\!\\%$
\n(ii) $\\,{\\boldsymbol{P}}\\left( T_+\\cap \\overline{P}\\right)=\\,$[[1]]$\\!\\%$
\n(iii) $\\,{\\boldsymbol{P}}\\left(T_- \\cap P\\right)=\\,$[[2]]$\\!\\%$
\n(iv) $\\,{\\boldsymbol{P}}\\left( T_- \\cap \\overline{P}\\right)=\\,$[[3]]$\\!\\%$
\n(v) The {v_chosen} is [[4]]$\\!\\%$ (correct to the nearest percent)
\n\n", "scripts": {}}], "preamble": {"js": "", "css": ""}, "statement": "The findings of a pregnancy test are given on a website just like that of the online database referred to in the hand-in component of this assignment (www.getthediagnosis.com).
\nIn calculator mode it outputs the following post-test probabilities for pregnancy:
\nLet $\\,T_+\\,$ be the event \"tests positive\", let $\\,T_-\\,$ be the event \"tests negative\", and let $\\,P\\,$ be the event \"is pregnant\".
\nIt is given that $\\,{\\boldsymbol{P}}\\left(T_+\\right)=\\var{Tplus}\\%\\,$.
\nUse a tree diagram to find each of the probabilties listed below.
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\nYou will have access to this online component up until 8:15am on Monday June 24th.
\nIn this (practice) version you can submit answers to questions or parts of questions as many times as you like and you are encouraged to keep trying until you get a green tick for each part.
\nYou can pause and resume an exam. You can also end exam and start a new attempt as many times as you like.
\n(Under test conditions on June 24th, however, you will only be able to submit your answers once and will not get immediate feedback).
\nYou are very much encouraged to complete the online quiz with pen, a scribble sheet and a calculator by your side. Under test conditions on June 24th, one handwritten single-sided A4 pages of notes will be allowed. You will also be provided with a blank scribble sheet.
\nFinally, in order to become familiarised with conditional probability terms in diagnostic testing, it is best to look at Questions 1 and 2 before starting the hand-in component. However, Question 3 might best be attempted and practised after doing the hand-in component.
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