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For the following 2-bus system, bus 1 is the swing bus. Values are given in per-unit on a 10 MVA base:
\n\n\n Bus \n | \n\n Power In \n | \n\n Power Out \n | \n\n Voltage \n | \n
\n 1 \n | \n\n ? \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n 1 $\\angle $0 \n | \n
\n 2 \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n {P2} + j {Q2} \n | \n\n ? \n | \n
Table 1: Bus information
\n\n
\n Section \n | \n\n Series Impedance \n | \n
\n 1-2 \n | \n\n {R12} + j {X12} \n | \n
Table 2: Line information
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\n[[0]]+i [[1]] [[2]]+i [[3]]
\n\n[[4]]+i [[5]] [[6]]+i [[7]]
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\n$V_2$ = [[0]] $\\angle$ [[1]] p.u.
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\n$S_1$ = [[0]] + i [[1]] p.u.
\nCalculate the real power lost in the system in per-unit and verify this:
\n$P_{LOSS}$ = [[2]] p.u.
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\n\nFigure 1: A 3-bus system
\n\n Bus \n | \n\n Power In \n | \n\n Power Out \n | \n\n Voltage \n | \n
\n 1 \n | \n\n ? \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n 1 $\\angle $0 \n | \n
\n 2 \n | \n\n {PG2} + j ? \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n {V2} $\\angle $ ? \n | \n
\n 3 \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n {P3} + j {Q3} \n | \n\n ? \n | \n
Table 1: Bus information
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\n\nj *
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\n$V_3$ = [[0]] $\\angle$ [[1]]$^o \\ p.u.$
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\n$Q_2$ = [[0]] p.u.
\nAs a result, approximate the reactive power flow at bus 1:*
\n$Q_1$ = [[1]] p.u.
\n*note: in both cases enter a positive value
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\n\n\n\n Bus \n | \n\n Power In \n | \n\n Power Out \n | \n\n Voltage \n | \n
\n 1 \n | \n\n ? \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n 1 $\\angle $0 \n | \n
\n 2 \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n ? \n | \n
\n 3 \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n {P3} + j {Q3} \n | \n\n ? \n | \n
\n 4 \n | \n\n 0 \n | \n\n {P4} + j {Q4} \n | \n\n ? \n | \n
Table 1: Bus information
\n\n
\n Section \n | \n\n Series Impedance \n | \n
\n 1-2 \n | \n\n j {X12} \n | \n
\n 2-3 \n | \n\n j {X23} \n | \n
2-4 | \nj {X24} | \n
Table 2: Line information
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\n$V_3$ = [[2]] $\\angle$ [[3]] p.u.
\n$V_4$ = [[4]] $\\angle$ [[5]] p.u.
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