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In a generator connected to the infinite bus as shown in Figure 1, the power-angle curve has a peak power of {PEmax} p.u. and the mechanical power input is {PM} p.u. when the load begins to fluctuate.

\n

{image('resources/question-resources/Dynamics1line.png')}

\n

Figure 1: A generator connected to the infinite bus

\n

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\n

$ \\delta_0 $ = [[0]]$^o$

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If the load power flow increases to {PLH} p.u., sketch the power-angle curve and calculate the size of the deceleration area $A2$.

\n

$ A2 $ =  [[0]]

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If the power flow now drops to {PLL} p.u. calculate the acceleration area, $A1$.

\n

$ A1 $ =  [[0]]

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Determine if the generator remains stable during these fluctuations

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In the system shown in Figure 1, a generator is connected to the infinite bus through two lines. The system information is shown in Table 1.

\n

{image('resources/question-resources/Dynamics2line.png')}

\n

Figure 1: A generator connected to the infinite bus

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Generator reactance

\n
$X_G$\n

{XG}

\n
\n

p.u.

\n
\n

Transformer reactance

\n
$X_T$\n

{XT}

\n
\n

p.u.

\n
\n

Reactance of each line

\n
$X_L$\n

{XL}

\n
\n

p.u.

\n
\n

Generated voltage

\n
$E$\n

{EG}

\n
\n

p.u.

\n
\n

 Table 1: System information

\n

The generator is protected with an overcurrent relay with an inverse-time relationship given by:

\n

 \\[ t = \\frac{K}{{\\left( \\frac{I} {I_P}\\right)}^p - 1} \\]

\n

The relay parameters are shown in Table 2.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
$K$\n

{K}

\n
$p$\n

{p}

\n
$I_P$\n

{IP}

\n
\n

 Table 2: Relay parameters

\n

 

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From 50-150% of the max load current IL. If IP<IL, then trippy, else ok

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From 50-150% of the critical K. If K>KC, then t>tCC and unstable, else ok

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If the load angle at maximum load is $\\delta = \\var{degrees0} ^o $ calculate the maximum load current.

\n

$ I_L $ = [[0]]$p.u.$

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A fault occurs halfway along line L2, with a critical clearing angle of $\\delta_{CC} = \\var{degreesCC}^o$ . Calculate the current flow at this critical point.

\n

$ I_{CC} $ =  [[0]]$p.u.$

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The critical clearing time for this fault is $t_{CC} = \\var{tcc} s$. Sketch the time-inverse curve and determine whether the relay’s protection settings are adequate.

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In the system shown in Figure 1, a transient fault occurs on the line. The system information is shown in Table 1.

\n

{image('resources/question-resources/Dynamics1line.png')}

\n

Figure 1: A generator connected to the infinite bus

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Generator reactance

\n
$X_G$\n

{XG}

\n
\n

p.u.

\n
\n

Transformer reactance

\n
$X_T$\n

{XT}

\n
\n

p.u.

\n
\n

Line reactance

\n
$X_L$\n

{XL}

\n
\n

p.u.

\n
\n

Generator inertia

\n
$H$\n

{H}

\n
\n

s

\n
\n

System frequency

\n
$f$\n

{f}

\n
\n

Hz

\n
\n

Generated voltage

\n
$E$\n

{E}

\n
\n

p.u.

\n
\n

Mechanical power input

\n
$P_M$\n

{PM}

\n
\n

p.u.

\n
\n

 Table 1: System information

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Calculate the generator rotor angle, $\\delta_0$ before the fault occurs.

\n

$ \\delta_0 $ = [[0]]$^o$

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Sketch the power-angle curve and using the Equal Area Criterion, calculate the critical clearing angle, $\\delta_{CC}$ .

\n

$ \\delta_{CC} $ =  [[0]]$^o$

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By assuming the acceleration to be constant during the fault, calculate the critical clearing time, $t_{CC}$.

\n

$ t_{CC} $ =  [[0]] $s$

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