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Una pregunta para practicar las siguientes habilidades en el contexto de las Ciencias de la Tierra:
\nLa elevación sobre el nivel del mar de un orógeno se estimó en diferentes puntos en el pasado. Los valores fueron tabulados como se muestra a continuación:
\nTime from the present (Ma) | \n$-10$ | \n$-9$ | \n$-8$ | \n$-7$ | \n$-6$ | \n$-5$ | \n$-4$ | \n$-3$ | \n$-2$ | \n$-1$ | \n
Elevation above sea-level (km) | \n{{graphplot}[0]} | \n{{graphplot}[1]} | \n{{graphplot}[2]} | \n{{graphplot}[3]} | \n{{graphplot}[4]} | \n{{graphplot}[5]} | \n{{graphplot}[6]} | \n{{graphplot}[7]} | \n{{graphplot}[8]} | \n\n {{graphplot}[9]} \n | \n
Donde Ma son Millones de años
", "advice": "Haga clic en 'Probar otra pregunta como esta' y repita la pregunta tantas veces como desee hasta que se sienta cómodo con los conceptos y métodos.
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\n\n/*\n var xas = brd.create('line',[[0,0],[1,0]], { strokeColor: 'black',fixed:true});\n var xticks = brd.create('ticks',[xas,2],{\n drawLabels: true,\n label: {offset: [-4, -10]},\n minorTicks: 0\n });\n var yas = brd.create('line',[[0,0],[0,1]], { strokeColor: 'black',fixed:true});\n var yticks = brd.create('ticks',[yas,2],{\n drawLabels: true,\n label: {offset: [-20, 0]},\n minorTicks: 0\n });\n\n*/\n\n\n // var li1=brd.create('line',[[0,b],[1,a+b]],{fixed:true});\n // var p1=brd.create('point',[0,c],{fixed:true,size:1,name:''});\n // brd.create('text', [0.25, c, function(){ return '(' + p1.X()+','+p1.Y()+')'; }],{fontsize:15,isLabel:true});\n // var p2=brd.create('point',[-1,c-m],{fixed:true,size:1,name:''});\n // brd.create('text', [-0.75, c-m, function(){ return '(' + p2.X()+','+p2.Y()+')'; }],{fontsize:15,isLabel:true});\n // var point = brd.create('point',[-10,y1],{fixed:true,size:1,name:'',color:'brown'})\n\n var tree;\n //x is the variable in the equation to be input\n var nscope = new Numbas.jme.Scope([scope,{variables:{t:new Numbas.jme.types.TNum(0)}}]);\n //create a functiongraph from the student input\n var curve = brd.create('functiongraph', [function(t){\n if(tree) {\n try {\n nscope.variables.t.value = t;\n //the user input is evaluated at x=t\n var val = Numbas.jme.evaluate(tree,nscope).value;\n return val;\n }\n catch(e) {\n return 0;\n }\n }\n else\n return 0;\n },-10,10],{strokeColor:'black',strokeWidth:1.5});\n //pick up the student answer and is parsed\n question.signals.on('HTMLAttached',function(e) {\n ko.computed(function(){\n var expr = question.parts[2].gaps[0].display.studentAnswer();\n try {\n tree = Numbas.jme.compile(expr,scope);\n }\n catch(e) {\n tree = null;\n }\n curve.updateCurve();\n brd.update();\n });\n }); \n\n/*\n\n// DRAGPOINT CODE\n \n\nfunction dragpoint_board() {\n \n var scope = question.scope;\n var m = scope.variables.m.value;\n var ymax = scope.variables.ymax.value;\n var c = scope.variables.c.value;\n \n var div = Numbas.extensions.jsxgraph.makeBoard('600px','600px',{boundingBox:[-11,ymax,5,-3],grid:true});\n $(question.display.html).find('#dragpoint').append(div);\n \n var board = div.board;\n \n //shorthand to evaluate a mathematical expression to a number\n function evaluate(expression) {\n try {\n var vale = Numbas.jme.evaluate(expression,question.scope);\n return Numbas.jme.unwrapValue(vale);\n }\n catch(e) {\n // if there's an error, return no number\n return NaN;\n }\n }\n \n // set up points array\n var num_points = 10;\n var points = [];\n \n // this function sets up the i^th point\n function make_point(i) {\n \n // calculate initial coordinates\n var p = i-10;\n \n // create an invisible vertical line for the point to slide along\n var line = board.create('line',[[p,0],[p,1]],{visible: false});\n \n // create the point\n var point = points[i] = board.create(\n 'glider',\n [i-1,0,line],\n {\n name:'',\n size:2,\n snapSizeY: 0.1, // the point will snap to y-coordinates which are multiples of 0.1\n snapToGrid: true\n }\n );\n \n // the contents of the input box for this point\n var studentAnswer = question.parts[1].gaps[i].display.studentAnswer;\n \n/* // watch the student's input and reposition the point when it changes. \n ko.computed(function() {\n y = evaluate(studentAnswer());\n if(!(isNaN(y)) && board.mode!=board.BOARD_MODE_DRAG) {\n point.moveTo([x,y],100);\n }\n });\n \n\n \n // when the student drags the point, update the gapfill input\n point.on('drag',function(){\n var y = Numbas.math.niceNumber(point.Y());\n studentAnswer(y);\n });\n }\n\n // create each point\n for(var i=0;i$m=\\;$[[0]] km por Ma.
\n", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "m*0.95", "maxValue": "m*1.05", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": true, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "displayAnswer": "", "showFractionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": true}, {"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "La altura actual del orógeno estudiado se ha omitido del conjunto de datos. Usando los valores proporcionados, calcule la altura del orógeno hoy:
\n[[0]] km
", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "c*0.9", "maxValue": "c*1.1", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": true, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "displayAnswer": "", "showFractionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": false}, {"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "Usando los puntos de datos tabulados y las respuestas a la Parte a) y la Parte b), escriba la ecuación lineal que relaciona el tiempo $t$ (Ma) y la elevación del orógeno $h$ (km).
\n$h=\\;$[[0]]
\n\n", "gaps": [{"type": "jme", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [{"variable": "m", "part": "p0g0", "must_go_first": true}, {"variable": "c", "part": "p1g0", "must_go_first": true}], "variableReplacementStrategy": "alwaysreplace", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "answer": "{m}*t+{c}", "answerSimplification": "!basic", "showPreview": true, "checkingType": "absdiff", "checkingAccuracy": 0.001, "failureRate": 1, "vsetRangePoints": 5, "vsetRange": [0, 1], "checkVariableNames": false, "singleLetterVariables": false, "allowUnknownFunctions": true, "implicitFunctionComposition": false, "caseSensitive": false, "valuegenerators": [{"name": "t", "value": ""}]}], "sortAnswers": false}, {"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "Suponiendo que la tasa de crecimiento orogénico permanece constante, use la Parte c) para hacer una predicción de la elevación en $\\var{xext}$ millones de años desde el presente:
\n[[0]] km
\nDé su respuesta correcta con dos cifras significativas.
", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "-{m}*{xext}+{c}", "maxValue": "-{m}*{xext}+{c}", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "displayAnswer": "", "precisionType": "sigfig", "precision": "2", "precisionPartialCredit": 0, "precisionMessage": "You have not given your answer to the correct precision.
", "strictPrecision": true, "showPrecisionHint": false, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": false}], "partsMode": "all", "maxMarks": 0, "objectives": [], "penalties": [], "objectiveVisibility": "always", "penaltyVisibility": "always", "type": "question"}, {"name": "Ecuacion de la recta", "extensions": ["geogebra"], "custom_part_types": [], "resources": [], "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "showfrontpage": false, "preventleave": false, "typeendtoleave": false}, "contributors": [{"name": "Ruth Hand", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/3228/"}, {"name": "Ivan Munoz", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/18334/"}], "tags": [], "metadata": {"description": "Find the equation from the image of graph
", "licence": "None specified"}, "statement": "Puede ampliar y desplazar esta imagen
\n{app}
Para encontrar el gradiente
\nEn primer lugar, dibuje un 'paso' en ángulo recto de izquierda a derecha. Este triángulo puede estar en cualquier lugar, pero es más útil que tenga esquinas en los vértices (puntos de números enteros) del gráfico y es más fácil de calcular con números positivos.
\n{app_advice}
\nAntes de comenzar a calcular, observe que la línea es {uod}, por lo que el gradiente será {pon} y la línea es {sos}, por lo que el valor absoluto del número será {mol}.
Ahora encuentra las coordenadas de los lugares donde tu triángulo se encuentra con la línea.
$(x_1,y_1)=(\\var{ax},\\var{ay})$ and $(x_2,y_2)=(\\var{bx},\\var{by})$
\nNecesitamos comparar el 'aumento en el eje y' con el 'recorrer el eje x', podemos decir que:
\n$\\text{gradient} = \\frac{\\text{rise}}{\\text{run}}$
\nEsto es equivalente a usar la fórmula:
$ m = \\frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} $
y sustituimos las coordenadas de los vértices del triángulo:
$\\begin{split} &\\, m = \\frac{\\var{by} - \\var{ay}}{\\var{bx} - \\var{ax}} \\\\
&\\, = \\frac{\\var{by-ay}}{\\var{bx-ax}} \\\\
&\\, = \\var[fractionNumbers]{m} \\\\
\\end{split} $
\n
Para completar la ecuación
\nPuedes leer la intersección del gráfico (si es obvio dónde la línea corta el eje y) o puedes calcularla.
\nSabemos que hay gradiente, por lo que podemos escribir $y=\\var{m}x+c$ y reorganizar para darnos:
\n$c = \\simplify[all]{y - {m}x}$
Luego sustituya el valor de $x$ y $y$ desde cualquier punto de la línea, usemos $(\\var{ax},\\var{ay})$ para dar
$c = \\var{ay} \\simplify[all]{- {m}} \\times \\var{ax}$
\n$c = \\var{c}$
\nEntonces la ecuación final es
\n$y = \\simplify[collectNumbers, zeroterm,unitfactor]{{m}x +{c}}$
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", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "ax": {"name": "ax", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(0,1)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "ay": {"name": "ay", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(0,1,2,3)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "bx": {"name": "bx", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(ax+1..3) \n", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "by": {"name": "by", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(0..4 except ay)\n", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "app_advice": {"name": "app_advice", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "geogebra_applet(\n 800,500,\n [\n A: [\n definition: p1,\n label_visible: false,\n visible: true\n ],\n B: [\n definition: p2,\n label_visible: false,\n visible: true \n ],\n \n C: [\n definition: p3,\n label_visible: false,\n visible: false \n ],\n \n line1: [\n definition: \"Line(A,B)\",\n label_visible: false,\n visible: true\n ],\n \n line2: [\n definition: \"Segment(A,C)\",\n label_visible: false,\n visible: true\n ],\n \n \n \n line3: [\n definition: \"Segment(C,B)\",\n label_visible: false,\n visible: true\n ]\n ]\n)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "p3": {"name": "p3", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "vector(bx,ay)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "pon": {"name": "pon", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "if(m=0,'zero',if(m=abs(m),'a positive number','a negative number'))", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "sos": {"name": "sos", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "if(m=0,'horizontal',if(abs(m)<1,'shallow','steep'))", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "mol": {"name": "mol", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "if(m=0,'zero',if(abs(m)<1,'less than 1','greater than or equal to 1'))", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}}, "variablesTest": {"condition": "", "maxRuns": 100}, "ungrouped_variables": ["app", "m", "c", "P1", "P2", "uod", "ax", "ay", "bx", "by", "app_advice", "p3", "pon", "sos", "mol"], "variable_groups": [], "functions": {}, "preamble": {"js": "", "css": ""}, "parts": [{"type": "jme", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 1, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "Encuentra la ecuación de la recta.
", "answer": "y = {m}x + {c}", "showPreview": true, "checkingType": "absdiff", "checkingAccuracy": 0.001, "failureRate": 1, "vsetRangePoints": 5, "vsetRange": [0, 1], "checkVariableNames": false, "singleLetterVariables": false, "allowUnknownFunctions": true, "implicitFunctionComposition": false, "caseSensitive": false, "valuegenerators": [{"name": "x", "value": ""}, {"name": "y", "value": ""}]}], "partsMode": "all", "maxMarks": 0, "objectives": [], "penalties": [], "objectiveVisibility": "always", "penaltyVisibility": "always", "type": "question"}, {"name": "Ecuaci\u00f3n Lineal", "extensions": ["geogebra"], "custom_part_types": [], "resources": [], "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "showfrontpage": false, "preventleave": false, "typeendtoleave": false}, "contributors": [{"name": "Merryn Horrocks", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/4052/"}, {"name": "Ivan Munoz", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/18334/"}], "tags": [], "metadata": {"description": "A los estudiantes se les da un problema verbal con la distancia recorrida y el tiempo que tarda un ciclista. Deben elegir la forma correcta para la ecuación lineal, calcular el gradiente y trazar la línea.
\nLa distancia recorrida y el tiempo empleado son aleatorios.
\nLa velocidad, la distancia y el tiempo son valores enteros.
", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International"}, "statement": "Un ciclista pedalea a velocidad constante por la autopista Nullabor. {gender} viaja {km} kilómetros en {hours} horas.
", "advice": "\nSu gráfico debe verse similar a este {geogebra_applet('https://www.geogebra.org/m/wxv4ykqj',defs)}
\nSu gráfico necesita:
\npara comenzar en (0,0).
para mostrar la línea.
para contener el punto $(\\var{hours},\\var{km})$
etiquetas y flechas en ambos ejes. En este gráfico, el eje horizontal está etiquetado como $x$. Sin embargo, deberías haber etiquetado el tuyo como $t$ o $tiempo (hours)$. En este gráfico, el eje vertical está etiquetado como $y$. Sin embargo, debería haber etiquetado el suyo como $d$ o $distancia (km)$.
una escala en cada eje.
Es posible que haya elegido diferentes escalas para sus ejes. Esto esta bien.
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