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The following table shows $8$ pairs of data values for the variables $x$ and $y$:
\n\n$x$ | \n{x1} | \n{x2} | \n{x3} | \n{x4} | \n{x5} | \n{x6} | \n{x7} | \n{x8} | \n
$y$ | \n{y1} | \n{y2} | \n{y3} | \n{y4} | \n{y5} | \n{y6} | \n{y7} | \n{y8} | \n
(a)
\n$r = \\var{rround}$
\n\n(b)
\n$a = \\var{around}$
\n$b = \\var{bround}$
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"templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "x7": {"name": "x7", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(x6..18)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "x8": {"name": "x8", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(x7..20)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "y1": {"name": "y1", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(40..50)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "y2": {"name": "y2", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(40..50)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "y3": {"name": "y3", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(35..40)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "y4": {"name": "y4", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(35..40)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "y5": {"name": "y5", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(30..35)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "y6": {"name": "y6", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(30..35)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "y8": {"name": "y8", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(20..30)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "y7": {"name": "y7", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(20..30)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "sumx": {"name": "sumx", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "sumy": {"name": "sumy", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "y1+y2+y3+y4+y5+y6+y7+y8", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "sumxy": {"name": "sumxy", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "x1*y1+x2*y2+x3*y3+x4*y4+x5*y5+x6*y6+x7*y7+x8*y8", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "sumx2": {"name": "sumx2", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "x1^2+x2^2+x3^2+x4^2+x5^2+x6^2+x7^2+x8^2", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "sumy2": {"name": "sumy2", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "y1^2+y2^2+y3^2+y4^2+y5^2+y6^2+y7^2+y8^2", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "sxx": {"name": "sxx", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "sumx2-(sumx)^2/8", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "syy": {"name": "syy", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "sumy2-(sumy)^2/8", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "sxy": {"name": "sxy", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "sumxy-(sumx)*(sumy)/8", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "r": {"name": "r", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "sxy/(sqrt(sxx*syy))", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "a": {"name": "a", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "(sumy)/8-b*(sumx)/8", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "b": {"name": "b", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "sxy/sxx", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "rround": {"name": "rround", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "precround(r,4)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "around": {"name": "around", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "precround(a,2)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "bround": {"name": "bround", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "precround(b,2)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}}, "variablesTest": 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", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": true, "customName": "a", "marks": "5", "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": false, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "{a}", "maxValue": "{a}", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "displayAnswer": "", "precisionType": "dp", "precision": "2", "precisionPartialCredit": 0, "precisionMessage": "You have not given your answer to the correct precision.", "strictPrecision": false, "showPrecisionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}, {"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": true, "customName": "b", "marks": "5", "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": false, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "{b}", "maxValue": "{b}", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "displayAnswer": "", "precisionType": "dp", "precision": "2", "precisionPartialCredit": 0, "precisionMessage": "You have not given your answer to the correct precision.", "strictPrecision": false, "showPrecisionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": false}], "partsMode": "all", "maxMarks": 0, "objectives": [], "penalties": [], "objectiveVisibility": "always", "penaltyVisibility": "always", "type": "question"}, {"name": "Averages and Spread", "extensions": ["stats"], "custom_part_types": [], "resources": [], "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "showfrontpage": false, "preventleave": false, "typeendtoleave": false}, "contributors": [{"name": "Chris Knapp", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/14987/"}], "tags": [], "metadata": {"description": "", "licence": "None specified"}, "statement": "The table below shows the ages in years, of a random sample of $10$ people in a shop:
\n\n{list[0]} | \n{list[1]} | \n{list[2]} | \n{list[3]} | \n{list[4]} | \n{list[5]} | \n{list[6]} | \n{list[7]} | \n{list[8]} | \n{list[9]} | \n
(a)
\nThe mean age is $\\var{meanround}$
\nThe median age is $\\var{medianround}$
\n\n(b)
\nThe standard deviation of ages is $\\var{stdround}$
\nThe inter-quartile range of ages is $\\var{iqr}$
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\n{max_width(30,diagram)}
\nFind the following probabilities, giving your answers as fractions in their simplest forms.
", "advice": "(a)
\n$P(C \\cap D) = \\var[fractionnumbers]{prob1}$
\n\n(b)
\n$P(C^c \\cup D^c) = \\var[fractionnumbers]{prob2}$
\n\n(c)
\n$P((C \\cup D)^c\\cap D) = \\var[fractionnumbs]{prob3}$
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", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": true, "customName": "prob2", "marks": "5", "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": false, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "{prob2}", "maxValue": "{prob2}", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": true, "mustBeReduced": true, "mustBeReducedPC": "50", "displayAnswer": "", "showFractionHint": false, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": false}, {"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "$P((C \\cup D)^c\\cap D)$
", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": true, "customName": "prob3", "marks": "10", "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": false, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "{prob3}", "maxValue": "{prob3}", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": true, "mustBeReduced": true, "mustBeReducedPC": "50", "displayAnswer": "", "showFractionHint": false, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": false}], "partsMode": "all", "maxMarks": 0, "objectives": [], "penalties": [], "objectiveVisibility": "always", "penaltyVisibility": "always", "type": "question"}, {"name": "Probability -Tree Diagram", "extensions": [], "custom_part_types": [], "resources": [["question-resources/Cards.jpg", "/srv/numbas/media/question-resources/Cards.jpg"]], "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "showfrontpage": false, "preventleave": false, "typeendtoleave": false}, "contributors": [{"name": "Chris Knapp", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/14987/"}], "tags": [], "metadata": {"description": "", "licence": "None specified"}, "statement": "A student picks two cards without replacement from a standard pack of $52$ playing cards.
\nNote: a pack of playing cards comprises 52 cards, split equally into four suits (Hearts, Diamonds, Spades, Clubs). Each suit has 13 cards (Ace, 2, 3, $\\ldots$, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King).
\nCalculate the following probabilities, giving your answers as fractions in their simplest forms.
", "advice": "(a)
\nThe probability that the student picks two $\\var{numbers}$s is $\\var[fractionnumbers]{samenumbers}$
\n\n(b)
\nThe probability that the student picks two $\\var{suits}$ is $\\var[fractionnumbers]{samesuit}$
\n\n(c)
\nThe probability that the student picks two cards which add up to $25$ is $\\var[fractionnumbers]{sumto25}$
", "rulesets": {}, "builtin_constants": {"e": true, "pi,\u03c0": true, "i": true}, "constants": [], "variables": {"numbers": {"name": "numbers", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,\"Jack\",\"Queen\",\"King\",\"Ace\")", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "suits": {"name": "suits", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(\"Hearts\", \"Clubs\", \"Diamonds\", \"Spades\")", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "samenumbers": {"name": "samenumbers", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "1/221", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "samesuit": {"name": "samesuit", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "1/17", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "sumto25": {"name": "sumto25", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "8/663", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}}, "variablesTest": {"condition": "", "maxRuns": 100}, "ungrouped_variables": ["numbers", "suits", "samenumbers", "samesuit", "sumto25"], "variable_groups": [], "functions": {}, "preamble": {"js": "", "css": ""}, "parts": [{"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "Find the probability that the student picks two $\\var{numbers}$s.
", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": true, "customName": "samenumbers", "marks": "5", "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": false, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "1/221", "maxValue": "1/221", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": true, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": "50", "displayAnswer": "", "showFractionHint": false, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": false}, {"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "Find the probability that the student picks two $\\var{suits}$.
", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": true, "customName": "same suit", "marks": "5", "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": false, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "1/17", "maxValue": "1/17", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": true, "mustBeReduced": true, "mustBeReducedPC": "50", "displayAnswer": "", "showFractionHint": false, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": false}, {"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "Let an Ace, Jack, Queen and King have numerical values of $1, 11, 12$ and $13$ respectively.
\nFind the probability that the student picks two cards which add up to $25$.
", "gaps": [{"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": true, "customName": "sumto25", "marks": "10", "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": false, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minValue": "8/663", "maxValue": "8/663", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": true, "mustBeReduced": true, "mustBeReducedPC": "50", "displayAnswer": "", "showFractionHint": false, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}], "sortAnswers": false}], "partsMode": "all", "maxMarks": 0, "objectives": [], "penalties": [], "objectiveVisibility": "always", "penaltyVisibility": "always", "type": "question"}, {"name": "Chris's copy of Binomial Hypothesis Test", "extensions": ["stats"], "custom_part_types": [], "resources": [["question-resources/charlescoin.jpg", "/srv/numbas/media/question-resources/charlescoin.jpg"], ["question-resources/charlescoin_4JVgsBb.jpg", "/srv/numbas/media/question-resources/charlescoin_4JVgsBb.jpg"]], "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "showfrontpage": false, "preventleave": false, "typeendtoleave": false}, "contributors": [{"name": "Chris Knapp", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/14987/"}], "tags": [], "metadata": {"description": "", "licence": "None specified"}, "statement": "A coin is tossed $\\var{flips}$ times, and lands on heads $\\var{heads}$ times.
\n\nUse a hypothesis test with a $\\var{siglev}$% significance level to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to suggest the coin is biased in favour of heads. Let $X=$ the number of heads the coin lands on.
\n", "advice": "Let $X=$ the number of heads the coin lands on.
\nLet $p=$ the probability of landing on a heads.
\n\n$H_0: p = \\frac{1}{2}$
\n$H_1: p > \\frac{1}{2}$
\n\nAssume $H_0$ is true, then $X \\sim B( \\var{flips}, \\frac{1}{2})$.
\n\nNow, $P(X ≥ \\var{heads}) = \\var{roundteststat}$.
\nThis is $\\var{correctmoreless}$ than the significance level of $\\var{siglev}$%, therefore there is $\\var{suffcorrect}$ evidence to reject $H_0$.
\n\nThis means there $\\var{reasoncorrect}$ reason to suggest the coin is biased in favour of heads.
", "rulesets": {}, "builtin_constants": {"e": true, "pi,\u03c0": true, "i": true}, "constants": [], "variables": {"flips": {"name": "flips", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(20..40)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "heads": {"name": "heads", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(precround(flips/2+5,0)..flips-3)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "siglev": {"name": "siglev", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "random(1,2,5,10)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "teststat": {"name": "teststat", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "1-binomialcdf(heads-1,flips,1/2)", "description": "", "templateType": "anything", "can_override": false}, "correctmoreless": {"name": "correctmoreless", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "definition": "if(teststat