// Numbas version: exam_results_page_options {"name": "Descriptive Statistics", "metadata": {"description": "

Basic descriptive statistics - measures of centre and spread, from a list of data and frequency tables.

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To find the mean: Add up all the values. Then divide by the number of values.

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$\\text{mean}=\\;\\;$[[0]]

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Calculate the mean of the following set of numbers correct to one decimal place:

\n

$\\var{a1}, \\var{a2}, \\var{a3}, \\var{a4}, \\var{a5}, \\var{a6}, \\var{a7}$ .

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\n

calculating mean

\n

rebelmaths

\n
", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International"}, "type": "question", "showQuestionGroupNames": false, "question_groups": [{"name": "", "pickingStrategy": "all-ordered", "pickQuestions": 0, "questions": []}]}, {"name": "Mode, Median, Mean", "extensions": ["stats"], "custom_part_types": [], "resources": [], "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "showfrontpage": false, "preventleave": false, "typeendtoleave": false}, "contributors": [{"name": "Julie Crowley", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/113/"}], "functions": {"isnotalist": {"definition": "return !Array.isArray(a);", "type": "boolean", "language": "javascript", "parameters": [["a", "list"]]}}, "ungrouped_variables": ["dat", "a", "mo", "me", "md"], "tags": ["descriptive statistics", "mean", "median", "mode", "Rebel", "REBEL", "rebel", "rebelmaths", "statistics", "teame"], "preamble": {"css": "", "js": ""}, "advice": "

The mean, median and mode are all averages. Each gives us some information about a typical member of a set of data.

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To calculate the mean, you need to find the total of all the test scores and divide it by the number of scores -- in this case 10.

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The median is the middle score, when the scores are arranged in order. In this case the number of scores is even, so we need to find the mean of the 5th and 6th scores.

\n

The mode is the most frequent score. 

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See http://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/averages.html  

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for more information on these three types of average.

", "rulesets": {}, "parts": [{"stepsPenalty": "1", "prompt": "

{a[0]},  {a[1]},  {a[2]}, {a[3]}, {a[4]}, {a[5]}, {a[6]}, {a[7]}, {a[8]}, {a[9]}

\n

Mean: [[0]]

\n

Median: [[1]]

\n

Mode: [[2]]

\n

Give your answers to 1 decimal place where appropriate.

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The median is the middle score, when the scores are arranged in order. In this case the number of scores is even, so we need to find the mean of the 5th and 6th scores.

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Find the mean, median and mode of the following 10 test scores.

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Find the mean, median and mode of a list of 10 test scores.

\n

rebelmaths

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Mean: Add up all the numbers and divide by the number of numbers.

\n

Median: middle value

\n

Mode: most common value

\n

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$\\text{mean}=\\;\\;$[[0]] (correct to two decimal places)

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To find the mean:

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1. Add up all the numbers.

\n

2. Divide by the number of numbers.

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$\\text{median}=\\;\\;$[[0]]

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To find the median:

\n

List the numbers in order of increasing size. 

\n

The median is then the middle number.

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$\\text{mode}=\\;\\;$[[0]]

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The mode is the number that occurs most often.

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The fuel emissions (in g/km of CO2) of a sample of 7 diesel cars of similar type have been recorded as follows:

\n

$\\var{a2}, \\var{a7}, \\var{a1}, \\var{a5}, \\var{a3}, \\var{a6}$ and $\\var{a4}$.

\n

Calculate the mean, median and mode of these emissions.

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\n

Topics covered are calculating the mean, median, mode and standard deviation.

\n

rebelmaths

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See \"show steps\" within this question for more help.

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What is the mean value (correct to 2 decimal places)?

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To find the mean use the formula $\\frac{\\Sigma fx}{\\Sigma f}$

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In other words $\\frac{(0\\times\\var{f1})+(1\\times \\var{f2})+(2\\times\\var{f3})+(3\\times\\var{f4}) +(4\\times\\var{f5})+(5\\times\\var{f6})}{\\var{f1}+\\var{f2}+\\var{f3}+\\var{f4}+\\var{f5}+\\var{f6}}$

", "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "marks": 0, "type": "information"}], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "answer": "{mn}", "marks": "4", "checkvariablenames": false, "checkingtype": "dp", "type": "jme"}, {"stepsPenalty": "1", "prompt": "

What is the median value?

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The median is the \"middle\" value. 

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In a frequency table, the observations are already arranged in an ascending order. We can obtain the median by looking for the value in the middle position.

\n

First add up the frequencies to find $n$.

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Case 1. When the sum of the frequencies is odd, then the median is the value at the $\\frac{n+1}{2}^{th}$ position.
Case 2. When the sum of the frequencies is even, then the median is the average of values at the positions $\\frac{n}{2}^{th}$ and $\\frac{n+1}{2}^{th}$.

\n


We need to add up the frequencies until we reach this value and then the class we land in is the median.

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What is the mode? (If it is undefined, enter \"0\".)

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The mode is the number which occurs most often. In other words the class with the  highest frequency.

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Calculate the mean, the median and the mode for the following frequency table:

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Class012345
Frequency{f1}{f2}{f3}{f4}{f5}{f6}
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rebelmaths

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Standard deviation = $\\sqrt{\\frac{\\Sigma (x-\\text{mean})^2}{n}}$

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What is the mean? Add up the numbers and divide by the number of numbers getting an answer of {mean}.

\n

Now, subtract the mean individually from each of the numbers given and square the result. 

\n

Now add up these results. This is the '$\\Sigma (x-\\text{mean})^2$' part in the formula.
Divide by {x} the number of values. This gives an answer of {var}.

\n

Finally, find the square root to get an answer of {sigma}.

", "tags": ["rebel", "Rebel", "REBEL", "rebelmaths"], "variablesTest": {"maxRuns": 100, "condition": ""}, "metadata": {"description": "

Just showing how to use the stdev function from the stats extension to calculate the standard deviation of a list of numbers.

\n

rebelmaths

", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International"}, "statement": "

Find the Standard Deviation

", "type": "question", "rulesets": {}, "functions": {}, "variable_groups": [], "ungrouped_variables": ["data", "sigma", "x", "mean", "var"], "preamble": {"js": "", "css": ""}, "parts": [{"steps": [{"type": "information", "showCorrectAnswer": true, "marks": 0, "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "scripts": {}, "variableReplacements": [], "prompt": "

Standard deviation = $\\sqrt{\\frac{\\Sigma (x-\\text{mean})^2}{n}}$

\n

To find the standard deviation, first find the mean of the list of numbers. 

\n

What is the mean?

\n

Now, subtract the mean individually from each of the numbers given and square the result. 

\n

Now add up these results. This is the '$\\Sigma (x-\\text{mean})^2$' part in the formula.
Divide by $n$ where $n$ is the number of values.

\n

Finally, find the square root.

"}], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "precision": "1", "showPrecisionHint": false, "minValue": "{sigma}", "precisionType": "dp", "prompt": "

Find the standard deviation of the following list of numbers {data}.

\n

Give your answer correct to one decimal place.

", "precisionMessage": "

You have not given your answer to the correct number of decimal places.

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Mean: $\\mu = \\frac{1}{N}\\sum\\limits_{i=1}^N x_i$

\n

Median: middle value

\n

Mode: most common value

\n

Range: highest value - lowest value.

", "rulesets": {"std": ["all", "!collectNumbers", "fractionNumbers", "!noLeadingMinus"]}, "parts": [{"stepsPenalty": "1", "prompt": "\n

$\\text{mean}=\\;\\;$[[0]]

\n

Enter decimal answers to 3 decimal places.

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To find the mean:

\n

1. Add up all the numbers.

\n

2. Divide by the number of numbers.

", "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "marks": 0, "type": "information"}], "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "type": "gapfill"}, {"stepsPenalty": "1", "prompt": "

$\\text{median}=\\;\\;$[[0]]

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To find the median:

\n

List the numbers in order of increasing size. 

\n

The median is then the middle number.

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$\\text{mode}=\\;\\;$[[0]]

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The mode is the number that occurs most often.

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$\\text{range}=\\;\\;$[[0]]

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Seven students were asked how they rated the online maths assessment tool numbas on a scale of 0-10, with 0 representing terrible and 10 representing excellent. The results are below. Calculate the mean, median, mode and range for the set of data.

\n

$\\var{a1}, \\var{a2}, \\var{a3}, \\var{a4}, \\var{a5}, \\var{a6}, \\var{a7}$ .

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\n

Exam covering questions on the Errorsr part of the SOEE5154M Maths course.

\n

Topics covered are calculating the mean, median, mode and standard deviation.

\n

rebelmaths

\n
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$\\frac{\\var{a}+\\var{b}+\\var{c}+\\var{d}+x}{5}=\\var{mean}$,

\n

$\\var{a}+\\var{b}+\\var{c}+\\var{d}+x=5\\times\\var{mean}$,

\n

\n

$\\var{tot}+x=\\var{g}$,

\n

$x=\\var{g}-\\var{tot}$

\n

$x=\\var{f}$

\n

", "variable_groups": [], "ungrouped_variables": ["a", "b", "c", "d", "f", "mean", "g", "tot"], "tags": ["mean", "Rebel", "REBEL", "rebel", "rebelmaths"], "metadata": {"description": "

rebelmaths

", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International"}, "parts": [{"type": "gapfill", "showFeedbackIcon": true, "steps": [{"type": "information", "showFeedbackIcon": true, "marks": 0, "prompt": "

To find the mean of a set of numbers add them together and divide by the number of numbers.

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The mean of $\\var{a}, \\var{b}, \\var{c}, \\var{d}$ and $x$ is $\\var{mean}$, find the value of $x$.

\n

$x=$[[0]]

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Find the value of x given information about the mean

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Calculate the cumulative frequecy distribution and the relative cumulative frequency distribution.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
xCumulative Frequency Distribution\n

Relative Cumulative Frequency Distribution

\n

Enter answer in decimal form (not percentage)

\n

(correct to 2 decimal places)

\n
Less than 50[[0]][[1]]
Less than 60[[2]][[3]]
Less than 70[[4]][[5]]
Less than 80[[6]][[7]]
Less than 90[[8]][[9]]
Less than 100[[10]][[11]]
\n

\n

 

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"marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"integerPartialCredit": 0, "integerAnswer": true, "allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "{a}+{b}", "minValue": "{a}+{b}", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"precisionType": "dp", "precisionMessage": "You have not given your answer to the correct precision.", "allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "({a}+{b})/{tot}", "strictPrecision": false, "minValue": "({a}+{b})/{tot}", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "precisionPartialCredit": 0, "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "precision": "2", "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"integerPartialCredit": 0, "integerAnswer": true, "allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "{a}+{b}+{c}", "minValue": "{a}+{b}+{c}", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"precisionType": "dp", "precisionMessage": "You have not given your answer to the correct precision.", "allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "({a}+{b}+{c})/{tot}", "strictPrecision": false, "minValue": "({a}+{b}+{c})/{tot}", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "precisionPartialCredit": 0, "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "precision": "2", "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"integerPartialCredit": 0, "integerAnswer": true, "allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "{a}+{b}+{c}+{d}", "minValue": "{a}+{b}+{c}+{d}", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"precisionType": "dp", "precisionMessage": "You have not given your answer to the correct precision.", "allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "({a}+{b}+{c}+{d})/{tot}", "strictPrecision": false, "minValue": "({a}+{b}+{c}+{d})/{tot}", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "precisionPartialCredit": 0, "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "precision": "2", "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"integerPartialCredit": 0, "integerAnswer": true, "allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "({a}+{b}+{c}+{d}+{f})", "minValue": "({a}+{b}+{c}+{d}+{f})", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"precisionType": "dp", "precisionMessage": "You have not given your answer to the correct precision.", "allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "({a}+{b}+{c}+{d}+{f})/{tot}", "strictPrecision": false, "minValue": "({a}+{b}+{c}+{d}+{f})/{tot}", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "precisionPartialCredit": 0, "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "precision": "2", "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "{a}+{b}+{c}+{d}+{f}+{g}", "minValue": "{a}+{b}+{c}+{d}+{f}+{g}", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}, {"precisionType": "dp", "precisionMessage": "You have not given your answer to the correct precision.", "allowFractions": false, "variableReplacements": [], "maxValue": "({a}+{b}+{c}+{d}+{f}+{g})/{tot}", "strictPrecision": false, "minValue": "({a}+{b}+{c}+{d}+{f}+{g})/{tot}", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "precisionPartialCredit": 0, "correctAnswerFraction": false, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "precision": "2", "scripts": {}, "marks": "0.5", "type": "numberentry", "showPrecisionHint": false}], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "marks": 0, "type": "gapfill"}], "statement": "

The table below shows the frequency distribution for {thing}.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
xf
40 but less than 50{a}
50 but less than 60{b}
60 but less than 70{c}
70 but less than 80{d}
80 but less than 90{f}
90 but less than 100{g}
\n

 

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Cumulative Frequency Distribution

\n

rebelmaths

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Check you're using the correct axis.

", "rulesets": {}, "parts": [{"prompt": "

How many people waited less than 20 minutes?

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Give an estimate for the number of people who waited between 20 and 40 minutes.

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The cumulative frequency diagram gives information about the time, in minutes, 50 people were kept waiting at hospital.

\n

", "variable_groups": [], "variablesTest": {"maxRuns": 100, "condition": ""}, "preamble": {"css": "", "js": ""}, "variables": {}, "metadata": {"description": "

rebelmaths

", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International"}, "type": "question", "showQuestionGroupNames": false, "question_groups": [{"name": "", "pickingStrategy": "all-ordered", "pickQuestions": 0, "questions": []}]}, {"name": "Qualitative v Quantative", "extensions": [], "custom_part_types": [], "resources": [], "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "showfrontpage": false, "preventleave": false, "typeendtoleave": false}, "contributors": [{"name": "Julie Crowley", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/113/"}], "functions": {}, "ungrouped_variables": ["quant1", "quant2", "qual2", "cind", "qual1", "m", "ch1", "ch2", "ch3", "quant", "ind", "ind1", "qual"], "tags": ["qualitative variables", "quantitative variables", "random variables", "rebel", "Rebel", "REBEL", "rebelmaths", "statistics"], "preamble": {"css": "", "js": ""}, "advice": "", "rulesets": {}, "parts": [{"maxAnswers": 0, "shuffleChoices": true, "matrix": "m", "shuffleAnswers": true, "minAnswers": 0, "variableReplacements": [], "answers": ["

Qualitative (Categorical)

", "

Quantitative (Numerical)

"], "warningType": "none", "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "maxMarks": 0, "showCorrectAnswer": true, "scripts": {}, "marks": 0, "choices": ["{ch1}", "{ch2}", "{ch3}"], "type": "m_n_x", "displayType": "radiogroup", "minMarks": 0, "layout": {"expression": "", "type": "all"}}], "statement": "

State whether the following variables are Qualitative (Categorical) or Quantitative(numerical). 

\n

Note that you will be deducted one mark for every wrong choice. However the minimum mark is 0.

", "variable_groups": [], "variablesTest": {"maxRuns": 100, "condition": ""}, "variables": {"quant1": {"definition": "[\"The number of orders received by a catering company\",\"The height of students taking Statistics courses at Newcastle this year\", \"Your quarterly gas bill\", \"The time spent on hold at a credit call centre\",\"The average shipping time for orders placed with a TV shopping channel\",\"The annual electricity bill for a large UK Supermarket\"]", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "quant1", "description": ""}, "quant2": {"definition": "[\"The number of people requiring a special in-flight meal\",\"The average volume of bottles of wine imported from South America\",\"Salaries of Newcastle University graduates six months after graduation\",\"The distance travelled by taxis for a particular cab firm every day\",\"Total annual sales for a large American departmental store\",\"The total cost of a student's text books for this semester\"]", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "quant2", "description": ""}, "qual2": {"definition": "[\"Ice cream flavour preferred by children\",\"Brand of sportswear preferred by athletes\",\"Favourite type of film by UK cinema-goers\",\"Mobile phone price-plan\",\"Shape of swimming pools in local authority-run leisure centres\"]", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "qual2", "description": ""}, "cind": {"definition": "-1*ind1", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "cind", "description": ""}, "qual1": {"definition": "[\"Types of PC used by small businesses in the north-east\",\"Marital status of questionnaire respondents\",\"Month of the year in which small shops record their highest sales\",\"Type of tenure for those in the licensed trade business\",\"Subjects studied at A level by students in this class\"]", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "qual1", "description": ""}, "m": {"definition": "transpose(matrix(list(cind),list(ind1)))", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "m", "description": ""}, "ch1": {"definition": "switch(ind[0]=0,random(qual),random(quant))", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "ch1", "description": ""}, "ch2": {"definition": "switch(ind[1]=0,random(qual except ch1),random(quant except ch1))", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "ch2", "description": ""}, "ch3": {"definition": "switch(ind[2]=0,random(qual except [ch1,ch2]),random(quant except [ch1,ch2]))", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "ch3", "description": ""}, "quant": {"definition": "quant1+quant2", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "quant", "description": ""}, "ind": {"definition": "random([[0,0,0],[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1],[0,1,1],[1,0,1],[1,1,0],[1,1,1]])", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "ind", "description": ""}, "ind1": {"definition": "2*vector(ind)-vector(1,1,1)", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "ind1", "description": ""}, "qual": {"definition": "qual1+qual2", "templateType": "anything", "group": "Ungrouped variables", "name": "qual", "description": ""}}, "metadata": {"description": "

Choosing whether given random variables are qualitiative or quantitative.

\n

rebelmaths

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rebelmaths

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The following table lists five pairs of $x$ and $f$ values.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
$\\mathbf{x}${x1}{x2}{x3}{x4}{x5}
$\\mathbf{f} ${f1}{f2}{f3}{f4}{f5}
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$\\sum x = $  [[0]]

\n

$\\sum f = $ [[1]]

\n

$\\sum fx = $ [[2]]

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$\\sum fx^2 =$ [[3]]

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$\\Sigma$ just means 'sum of' or total.

\n

For example:

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$\\Sigma x$ means add up the $x$ values

\n

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The symbol $\\Sigma$ means 'sum of' or 'total'.

\n

\n

$\\sum y  $ means add up the $y$ values.  

\n

$(\\sum y)^2  $  means add up the $y$ values and then square your answer.

\n

$\\sum y^2  $ means square each of the $y$ values then add them up.

\n

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Find

\n

$\\sum y = $  [[0]]

\n

$(\\sum y)^2 = $ [[1]]

\n

$\\sum y^2 = $ [[2]]

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Six adults spent {x1}, {x2}, {x3}, {x4}, {x5} and {x6} euros on lottery tickets last month. Let $y$ denote last month's lottery ticket expenses for an adult.

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Summation Notation

\n

rebelmaths

", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International"}, "type": "question", "showQuestionGroupNames": false, "question_groups": [{"name": "", "pickingStrategy": "all-ordered", "pickQuestions": 0, "questions": []}]}]}], "allowPrinting": true, "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "reverse": true, "browse": true, "allowsteps": true, "showfrontpage": true, "showresultspage": "oncompletion", "navigatemode": "sequence", "onleave": {"action": "none", "message": ""}, "preventleave": true, "startpassword": ""}, "timing": {"allowPause": true, "timeout": {"action": "warn", "message": "

Times up

"}, "timedwarning": {"action": "warn", "message": "

5 minutes remain to complete this exam. Remember you can pause it to take a break.

"}}, "feedback": {"showactualmark": true, "showtotalmark": true, "showanswerstate": true, "allowrevealanswer": true, "advicethreshold": 0, "intro": "

You have 8 questions to complete in 60 minutes. You can pause the exam at any time and resume later. This online quiz is worth 3%.

\n

The pass mark is 90%. You can ask for hints and regenerate questions as you go. Once you reach 90% do not enter the exam again as this will reset your score to 0 and you will have to retake the quiz. 

\n

Good luck - remember this acts as study for the final exam!

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