// Numbas version: finer_feedback_settings
{"name": "Chemical Thermodynamics: Types of Systems", "extensions": [], "custom_part_types": [], "resources": [], "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "showfrontpage": false, "preventleave": false, "typeendtoleave": false}, "question_groups": [{"pickingStrategy": "all-ordered", "questions": [{"name": "Chemical Thermodynamics: Types of Systems", "tags": [], "metadata": {"description": "<p>Public</p>", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International"}, "statement": "", "advice": "<p>An <strong>open system</strong> is defined as a system which can exchange <strong>both</strong> mass and energy (heat) with its surroundings.</p>\n<p>A <strong>closed system</strong> is defined as a system which can exchange energy (heat) with its surroundings, but <strong>not</strong> mass.</p>\n<p>An <strong>isolated system</strong> is defined as a system which <strong>cannot</strong> exchange energy (heat) nor mass with its surroundings.</p>\n<p>In the above definitions, the '<strong>surroundings</strong>' is taken to mean the <strong>rest of the Universe</strong>.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p></p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(a)&nbsp; &nbsp;A tied balloon would contain air which could <strong>not</strong> be transferred to the balloon's surroundings, nor could any air from the surroundings make it into the balloon - however, <strong>heat is</strong> transferred to the air within the balloon during the described heating, so the balloon is a <strong>closed system</strong>.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(b)&nbsp; &nbsp;A beaker is not a sealed container, so a reacting mixture within one would be free to <strong>exchange</strong> both <strong>mass</strong> and <strong>energy</strong> with its surroundings, making it an <strong>open system</strong>.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(c)&nbsp; &nbsp;A flask of soup would be sealed, allowing <strong>no exchange</strong> of air from the surroundings or soup from within - due to the extremely good insulation, the soup would also be <strong>unable to exchange any heat</strong> with the flask's surroundings, thus the flask of soup is a closed system.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(d)&nbsp; &nbsp;A mug is not a sealed container, so hot chocolate within one would be free to <strong>exchange</strong> both <strong>mass</strong> and <strong>energy</strong> with its surroundings (and also to transfer happiness to anyone drinking it), making it an <strong>open system</strong>.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(e)&nbsp; &nbsp;This one is a bit existential, but because the 'surroundings' consist of the rest of the Universe outside of the system, when considering the Universe as a system, there is <strong>no </strong>'<strong>rest of the Universe</strong>' to comprise the surroundings, and so the Universe has <strong>no surroundings</strong> with which to exchange mass or energy. Thus, the Universe is an <strong>isolated system</strong>.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(f)&nbsp; &nbsp;Water in a sealed bottle <strong>cannot</strong> be transferred from the bottle, nor can mass from the surroundings be transferred into the bottle - however, heat <strong>can</strong> be transferred between the water and the surroundings, so the bottle of water is a <strong>closed system</strong>.</p>", "rulesets": {}, "extensions": [], "builtin_constants": {"e": true, "pi,\u03c0": true, "i": true, "j": false}, "constants": [], "variables": {}, "variablesTest": {"condition": "", "maxRuns": 100}, "ungrouped_variables": [], "variable_groups": [], "functions": {}, "preamble": {"js": "", "css": ""}, "parts": [{"type": "gapfill", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "prompt": "<p>Select whether each of the following is an open, closed, or isolated system:</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(a)&nbsp; &nbsp;A tied balloon being heated&nbsp; -&nbsp; [[0]]</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(b)&nbsp; &nbsp;A reaction taking place in a beaker&nbsp; -&nbsp; [[1]]</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(c)&nbsp; &nbsp;Some soup stored in a sealed, very well insulated flask&nbsp; -&nbsp; [[2]]</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(d)&nbsp; &nbsp;A mug of hot chocolate&nbsp; -&nbsp; [[3]]</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(e)&nbsp; &nbsp;The Universe&nbsp; -&nbsp; [[4]]</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>(f)&nbsp; &nbsp;A sealed bottle of water&nbsp; -&nbsp; [[5]]</p>", "gaps": [{"type": "1_n_2", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minMarks": 0, "maxMarks": 0, "shuffleChoices": false, "displayType": "dropdownlist", "displayColumns": 0, "showCellAnswerState": true, "choices": ["Open", "Closed", "Isolated"], "matrix": ["0", "1", 0], "distractors": ["", "", ""]}, {"type": "1_n_2", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minMarks": 0, "maxMarks": 0, "shuffleChoices": false, "displayType": "dropdownlist", "displayColumns": 0, "showCellAnswerState": true, "choices": ["Open", "Closed", "Isolated"], "matrix": ["1", "0", 0], "distractors": ["", "", ""]}, {"type": "1_n_2", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minMarks": 0, "maxMarks": 0, "shuffleChoices": false, "displayType": "dropdownlist", "displayColumns": 0, "showCellAnswerState": true, "choices": ["Open", "Closed", "Isolated"], "matrix": ["0", "0", "1"], "distractors": ["", "", ""]}, {"type": "1_n_2", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minMarks": 0, "maxMarks": 0, "shuffleChoices": false, "displayType": "dropdownlist", "displayColumns": 0, "showCellAnswerState": true, "choices": ["Open", "Closed", "Isolated"], "matrix": ["1", "0", "0"], "distractors": ["", "", ""]}, {"type": "1_n_2", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minMarks": 0, "maxMarks": 0, "shuffleChoices": false, "displayType": "dropdownlist", "displayColumns": 0, "showCellAnswerState": true, "choices": ["Open", "Closed", "Isolated"], "matrix": ["0", "0", "1"], "distractors": ["", "", ""]}, {"type": "1_n_2", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": 0, "scripts": {}, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "nextParts": [], "suggestGoingBack": false, "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "exploreObjective": null, "minMarks": 0, "maxMarks": 0, "shuffleChoices": false, "displayType": "dropdownlist", "displayColumns": 0, "showCellAnswerState": true, "choices": ["Open", "Closed", "Isolated"], "matrix": ["0", "1", "0"], "distractors": ["", "", ""]}], "sortAnswers": false}], "partsMode": "all", "maxMarks": 0, "objectives": [], "penalties": [], "objectiveVisibility": "always", "penaltyVisibility": "always", "contributors": [{"name": "Frances Docherty", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/4059/"}, {"name": "Michael McFadden", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/18132/"}], "resources": []}]}], "contributors": [{"name": "Frances Docherty", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/4059/"}, {"name": "Michael McFadden", "profile_url": "https://numbas.mathcentre.ac.uk/accounts/profile/18132/"}]}