// Numbas version: finer_feedback_settings {"name": "Stone-Geary utility and calculation of elasticities", "extensions": [], "custom_part_types": [], "resources": [], "navigation": {"allowregen": true, "showfrontpage": false, "preventleave": false, "typeendtoleave": false}, "question_groups": [{"pickingStrategy": "all-ordered", "questions": [{"name": "Stone-Geary utility and calculation of elasticities", "tags": [], "metadata": {"description": "You need to calculate elasticities of demand associated to a Stone-Geary utility function.
", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International"}, "statement": "

An individual has as utility function

\n

\\[ U(q_1,q_2)={\\var{c1}} \\cdot (q_1-{\\var{a1}})^{{1}/{\\var{n1}}} \\cdot   (q_2-{\\var{a2}})^{{\\var{n1min1}}/{\\var{n1}}} \\]

\n

where $q_1$ and $q_2$ denote the quantities consumed of respectively the products  1 and 2.

\n

Let $P^*$ be the point \\( (p_1 , p_2 , y) = ( \\var{gegp1} , \\var{gegp2} , \\var{gegy} ) .\\)

", "advice": "

Step 1: Formulate the maximum problem in order to find the demand functions.
Let $p_1 $ and $p_2 $ be the prices for respectively the products 1 and 2, and let $ y $ be the available budget (suppose you spend this amount $y$ completely on these products). Then the problem can be stated as
\\begin{eqnarray}
\\max_{q_1,q_2} U(q_1,q_2) &=& {\\var{c1}} \\cdot (q_1-{\\var{a1}})^{1 / {\\var{n1}}}  \\cdot (q_2-{\\var{a2}})^{{\\var{n1min1}} / {\\var{n1}}}
\\mbox{ if } &&  p_1 \\cdot q_1 + p_2 \\cdot q_2 = y
\\end{eqnarray}
or equivalently
\\begin{eqnarray}
\\max_{q_1,q_2} ln U(q_1,q_2) &=& ln({\\var{c1}}) + {\\frac{1}{\\var{n1}}} \\cdot ln(q_1-{\\var{a1}}) + {\\frac{\\var{n1min1}}{\\var{n1}}} \\cdot ln(q_2-{\\var{a2}}) \\\\
\\mbox{ if } &&   p_1 \\cdot q_1 + p_2\\cdot q_2 = y
\\end{eqnarray}

\n


Step 2: Write down the corresponding Lagrange function for this constrained maximum problem.
\\begin{eqnarray}
L(q_1, q_2, \\lambda) &=& ln U(q_1,q_2) + \\lambda \\cdot (y - p_1 \\cdot q_1 - p_2 \\cdot  q_2)
&=& ln({\\var{c1}}) + {\\frac{1}{\\var{n1}}} \\cdot  ln(q_1-{\\var{a1}}) + {\\frac{\\var{n1min1}}{\\var{n1}}} \\cdot   ln(q_2-{\\var{a2}}) + \\lambda \\cdot ( y - p_1 \\cdot  q_1 - p_2\\cdot  q_2 )
\\end{eqnarray}

\n

Step 3: Determine the first order conditions in order to calculate critical points of the Lagrangian.
\\begin{eqnarray}
\\mbox{(1) } \\quad \\frac{\\partial {L}}{\\partial q_1} & = & {\\frac{1}{\\var{n1}}} \\cdot  {\\frac {1} {q_1-{\\var{a1}}} } - \\lambda \\cdot p_1 = 0 \\\\
\\mbox{(2) } \\quad \\frac{\\partial {L}}{\\partial q_2} & = & {\\frac{\\var{n1min1}}{\\var{n1}}} \\cdot {\\frac {1} {q_2-{\\var{a2}}}}  -  \\lambda \\cdot p_2 = 0 \\\\
\\mbox{(3) } \\quad \\frac{\\partial {L}}{\\partial \\lambda} & = & y - p_1 \\cdot q_1 - p_2 \\cdot q_2 = 0
\\end{eqnarray}

\n

Step 4: Find the solution of this system of equations in $q_1$, $q_2$ and $\\lambda$.
Calculating $\\lambda$ in both equations (1) and (2) leads to
\\begin{eqnarray}
{\\frac{1}{\\var{n1}}}\\cdot{\\frac {1} {p_1 \\cdot(q_1-{\\var{a1}})} }& = & {\\frac{\\var{n1min1}}{\\var{n1}}}\\cdot{\\frac {1} {p_2 \\cdot(q_2-{\\var{a2}})}}\\\\ \\\\
{p_2} \\cdot {(q_2-{\\var{a2}})} & = & {\\var{n1min1}} \\cdot {p_1} \\cdot {(q_1-{\\var{a1}})} \\\\ \\\\
\\mbox{(4)} \\quad \\quad \\quad {p_2} \\cdot {q_2} & = &   {\\var{a2}} \\cdot  {p_2} +  {\\var{n1min1}} \\cdot {p_1} \\cdot {(q_1-{\\var{a1}})}   
\\end{eqnarray}
i.e.
\\begin{eqnarray}
{q_2} & = & {\\var{a2}} + {\\frac {1} {p_2}} \\cdot {\\var{n1min1}} \\cdot {p_1} \\cdot {(q_1-{\\var{a1}})}
\\end{eqnarray}
Substitute equation (4) in the budget restriction (3):
\\begin{eqnarray}
{p_1} \\cdot {q_1} + {\\var{a2}} \\cdot  {p_2} +  {\\var{n1min1}} \\cdot {p_1}\\cdot {(q_1-{\\var{a1}})} & = & y\\\\
{p_1} \\cdot {q_1} + {\\var{a2}} \\cdot  {p_2} +  {\\var{n1min1}} \\cdot {p_1} \\cdot{q_1} -  {\\var{n1min1}} \\cdot {\\var{a1}} \\cdot {p_1} & = & y\\\\
{\\var{n1}} \\cdot {p_1}\\cdot {q_1}  & = & y  + {\\var{n1min1maala1}} \\cdot {p_1} - {\\var{a2}} \\cdot  {p_2} \\\\
{q_1}  & = & {\\frac {1}{\\var{n1} \\cdot {p_1}}} \\cdot { ( y  + {\\var{n1min1maala1}} \\cdot {p_1} - {\\var{a2}} \\cdot  {p_2} ) } \\\\
{q_1}  & = & {\\frac {y  + {\\var{n1min1maala1}} \\cdot {p_1} - {\\var{a2}} \\cdot  {p_2}}{\\var{n1} \\cdot {p_1}}}
\\end{eqnarray}
Substituting this last formula in equation (4), we can calculate $q_2$:
\\begin{eqnarray}
{q_2} & = & \\frac{\\var{t2}\\cdot y-\\var{a1maalt2} \\cdot {p_1} + \\var{a2}\\cdot{p_2}}{\\var{n1} \\cdot {p_2}}
\\end{eqnarray}
The demand functions for the products are given by
\\begin{eqnarray}
{q_1=q_1 \\left( p_1,p_2,y \\right) }  & = & {\\frac {y  + {\\var{n1min1maala1}}  \\cdot {p_1} - {\\var{a2}} \\cdot {p_2}}{\\var{n1} \\cdot {p_1}}}\\\\
{q_2=q_2 \\left( p_1,p_2,y \\right) } & = & \\frac{\\var{t2}\\cdot y-\\var{a1maalt2}\\cdot{p_1} + \\var{a2}\\cdot {p_2}}{\\var{n1} \\cdot {p_2}}
\\end{eqnarray}

\n

Step 5: Calculate the elasticities of demand.
\\begin{eqnarray}
{\\epsilon}^{q_1}_{p_1} & = & {\\frac {{\\partial}{q_1}} {{\\partial} {p_1}}} \\cdot {\\frac {p_1} {q_1}} = {\\frac {1} {{\\var{n1}} }} \\cdot    {\\frac {{\\partial}} {{\\partial} {p_1}}}  {\\left( {\\var{n1min1maala1}}  + {\\frac  {y - {\\var{a2}}\\cdot {p_2}} {p_1}}   \\right) } \\cdot {\\frac {p_1} {q_1}} =  - {\\frac {y - {\\var{a2}} \\cdot {p_2}} {{\\var{n1}} \\cdot {p_1} \\cdot {q_1} } } \\quad, {\\mbox{ evaluated in }}P^*: \\var{epsq1p1} \\\\

{\\epsilon}^{q_1}_{p_2} & = & {\\frac {{\\partial}{q_1}} {{\\partial} {p_2}}} \\cdot {\\frac {p_2} {q_1}} = - {\\frac {\\var{a2}} {{\\var{n1}} \\cdot {p_1}} } \\cdot {\\frac {p_2} {q_1}}  \\quad, {\\ } \\mbox{ evaluated in } P^*: \\var{epsq1p2} \\\\

{\\epsilon}^{q_2}_{p_1} & = & {\\frac {{\\partial}{q_2}} {{\\partial} {p_1}}} \\cdot {\\frac {p_1} {q_2}} = - {\\frac {\\var{n1min1maala1}} {{\\var{n1}} \\cdot {p_2}} } \\cdot {\\frac {p_1} {q_2}} \\quad , \\mbox{ evaluated in }P^*: \\var{epsq2p1} \\\\

{\\epsilon}^{q_2}_{p_2} & = & {\\frac {{\\partial}{q_2}} {{\\partial} {p_2}}} \\cdot {\\frac {p_2} {q_2}} = {\\frac {1} {{\\var{n1}} }} \\cdot    {\\frac {{\\partial}} {{\\partial} {p_2}}}  { \\left(  {\\var{a2}} + {\\frac  {{\\var{n1min1}} \\cdot y - {\\var{n1min1maala1}} \\cdot {p_1}} {p_2}}   \\right) } \\cdot {\\frac {p_2} {q_2}} =  - {\\frac {{\\var{n1min1}} \\cdot y - {\\var{n1min1maala1}} \\cdot {p_1}} {{\\var{n1}} \\cdot {p_2} \\cdot {q_2} } } \\quad , \\mbox{ evaluated in } P^*: \\var{epsq2p2} \\\\

{\\epsilon}^{q_1}_{y} & = & {\\frac {{\\partial}{q_1}} {{\\partial} {y}}} \\cdot {\\frac {y} {q_1}} =  {\\frac {1} {{\\var{n1}} \\cdot {p_1}} } \\cdot {\\frac {y} {q_1}}  , \\mbox{ evaluated in }P^*: \\var{epsq1y}\\\\

{\\epsilon}^{q_2}_{y} & = & {\\frac {{\\partial}{q_2}} {{\\partial} {y}}} \\cdot {\\frac {y} {q_2}} =  {\\frac {1} {{\\var{n1}}}} \\cdot {\\frac {1} {{\\var{n1min1}} \\cdot {p_2}} } \\cdot {\\frac {y} {q_2}} \\quad , \\mbox{ evaluated in } P^*: \\var{epsq2y}\\\\

\\end{eqnarray}

\n

Answers:

\n

\\[ {\\epsilon}^{q_1}_{p_1} {( \\var{gegp1} , \\var{gegp2} , \\var{gegy} )} \\approx \\var{benepsq1p1} \\]
\\[ {\\epsilon}^{q_2}_{p_2} {( \\var{gegp1} , \\var{gegp2} , \\var{gegy} )} \\approx \\var{benepsq2p2} \\]
\\[ {\\epsilon}^{q_1}_{y} {( \\var{gegp1} , \\var{gegp2} , \\var{gegy} )} \\approx \\var{benepsq1y} \\]
\\[ {\\epsilon}^{q_2}_{y} {( \\var{gegp1} , \\var{gegp2} , \\var{gegy} )} \\approx \\var{benepsq2y} \\]
\\[ {\\epsilon}^{q_1}_{p_2} {( \\var{gegp1} , \\var{gegp2} , \\var{gegy} )} \\approx \\var{benepsq1p2} \\]
\\[ {\\epsilon}^{q_2}_{p_1} {( \\var{gegp1} , \\var{gegp2} , \\var{gegy} )} \\approx \\var{benepsq2p1} \\]

\n

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Calculate the own price elasticity of demand for product 1 in  $P^*$:

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Calculate the own price elasticity of demand for product 2 in  $P^*$:

", "minValue": "epsq2p2", "maxValue": "epsq2p2", "correctAnswerFraction": false, "allowFractions": false, "mustBeReduced": false, "mustBeReducedPC": 0, "precisionType": "dp", "precision": "3", "precisionPartialCredit": 0, "precisionMessage": "You have not given your answer to the correct precision.", "strictPrecision": false, "showPrecisionHint": true, "notationStyles": ["plain", "en", "si-en"], "correctAnswerStyle": "plain"}, {"type": "numberentry", "useCustomName": false, "customName": "", "marks": "5", "showCorrectAnswer": true, "showFeedbackIcon": true, "scripts": {}, "variableReplacements": [], "variableReplacementStrategy": "originalfirst", "adaptiveMarkingPenalty": 0, "customMarkingAlgorithm": "", "extendBaseMarkingAlgorithm": true, "unitTests": [], "prompt": "

Calculate the income elasticity of demand for product 1 in  $P^*$:

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Calculate the income elasticity of demand for product 2 in  $P^*$:

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Calculate the cross price elasticity of demand for product 1 w.r.t. the price of product 2 in  $P^*$:

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Calculate the cross price elasticity of demand for product 2 w.r.t. the price of product 1 in  $P^*$:

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