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Solving a differential equation of the form $\\frac{dy}{dx}=\\frac{a \\cos(x)}{y}$ using separation of variables.
", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International"}, "statement": "Solve the differential equation \\[ \\frac{dy}{dx}=\\frac{\\var{a}\\cos(x)}{y}.\\]
", "advice": "If we have a differential equation of the form \\[ \\frac{dy}{dx} = f(x) g(y),\\] we are able to find a solution to this equation using the method Separation of Variables.
\nWe can rewrite the above equation in the form \\[ \\frac{1}{g(y)} \\frac{dy}{dx} = f(x).\\]
\nIf we then integrate with respect to $x$:
\n\\[ \\begin{split} &\\int \\frac{1}{g(y)} &\\frac{dy}{dx} dx = \\int f(x) dx, \\\\\\\\ \\implies &\\int \\frac{1}{g(y)} &dy = \\int f(x) dx. \\end{split} \\]
\nIntegrating both sides, we can write $y$ as a function of $x$.
\nFollowing this method for $\\frac{dy}{dx}=\\frac{\\var{a}\\cos(x)}{y}$:
\n\\[ \\begin{split} &\\frac{dy}{dx}=\\frac{\\var{a}\\cos(x)}{y} \\\\ \\implies y\\,& \\frac{dy}{dx} = \\simplify{{a}cos(x)}. \\end{split} \\]
\nIntegrating both sides with respect to $x$:
\n\\[ \\begin{split} \\int y \\, \\frac{dy}{dx}\\, dx &= \\int \\simplify{{a}cos(x)} \\, dx, \\\\ \\\\ \\implies \\int y \\,dy &= \\int\\simplify{{a}cos(x)} \\, dx. \\end{split} \\]
\nTaking the integral of both sides, we are able to find a solution to the differential equation:
\n\\[ \\begin{split} \\int y \\,&dy &=\\simplify{{a}cos(x)} \\, dx, \\\\ &\\frac{y^2}{2}&\\,= \\simplify{{a} sin(x) +c}, \\\\ &y^2 &\\, = \\simplify{{2a} sin(x)+2c}, \\\\ &y &\\,= \\pm\\sqrt{\\simplify{{2a} sin(x)+2c}}. \\end{split} \\]
\n\n
Note: You can also have the answer
\n\\[ y = \\pm \\sqrt{\\simplify{{2a} sin(x)+D}}, \\]
\nwhere $D=2c$. This shows there is still a constant, but indicates it is different to the original constant of integration, $c$.
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