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Adaptiert von: Katz, V. J. (2009). A history of mathematics: An introduction (3. ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley, S. 418.

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Das folgende Problem stammt (bis auf die Zahlenwerte)  von Piero della Francesca (1410/20-1492).

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Drei Männer gehen eine Geschäftspartnerschaft ein. Der erste investiert {a} Dukaten in das Geschäft, der zweite investiert {b} Dukaten und wir wissen nicht, wie viel der dritte investiert hat.

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Als Erlös erhalten die drei Partner zusammen {sum} Dukaten, von denen der erste Partner {a2} Dukaten erhält.

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Es ist davon auszugehen, dass der Erlös aus dem Geschäft proportional zur in die Partnerschaft investierten Summe ist.

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Der erste erhält bei einer Investition von $\\var{a}$ Dukaten einen Erlös von $\\var{a2}$ Dukaten.

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Dann muss der zweite bei einer Investition von {b} Dukaten einen Erlös von $\\var{b}\\cdot\\frac{\\var{a2}}{\\var{a}}=\\var{b}\\cdot\\var{a2/a}=\\var{b2}$ Dukaten erhalten.

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Für den dritten Partner bleiben dann vom Erlös noch $\\var{sum}-\\var{a2}-\\var{b2}=\\var{c2}$ Dukaten übrig. Er hat demnach $\\var{c2}:\\frac{\\var{a2}}{\\var{a}}=\\var{c2}:\\var{a2/a}=\\var{c}$ Dukaten investiert gehabt.

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Im Original hat das Problem eine nicht-ganzzahlige Lösung, hier wurde als Erlös zur Vereinfachung ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches der Investitionssume gewählt.

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Welche Anteile vom Erlös erhalten der zweite und der dritte Partner und wie viel hatte der dritte investiert?

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Der zweite Mann erhält [[0]] Dukaten vom Erlös.

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Der dritte Mann erhält [[1]] Dukaten vom Erlös.

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Der dritte Mann hat [[2]] Dukaten investiert gehabt.

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