Chemical Thermodynamics: Types of Systems

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Frances Docherty

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Frances Docherty 3 weeks, 4 days ago

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Select whether each of the following is an open, closed, or isolated system:

(a) A tied balloon being heated - Gap 0.

(b) A reaction taking place in a beaker - Gap 1.

(d) A mug of hot chocolate - Gap 3.

(e) The Universe - Gap 4.

(f) A sealed bottle of water - Gap 5.

Advice

An open system is defined as a system which can exchange both mass and energy (heat) with its surroundings.

A closed system is defined as a system which can exchange energy (heat) with its surroundings, but not mass.

An isolated system is defined as a system which cannot exchange energy (heat) nor mass with its surroundings.

In the above definitions, the 'surroundings' is taken to mean the rest of the Universe.

(a) A tied balloon would contain air which could not be transferred to the balloon's surroundings, nor could any air from the surroundings make it into the balloon - however, heat is transferred to the air within the balloon during the described heating, so the balloon is a closed system.

(b) A beaker is not a sealed container, so a reacting mixture within one would be free to exchange both mass and energy with its surroundings, making it an open system.

(c) A flask of soup would be sealed, allowing no exchange of air from the surroundings or soup from within - due to the extremely good insulation, the soup would also be unable to exchange any heat with the flask's surroundings, thus the flask of soup is a closed system.

(d) A mug is not a sealed container, so hot chocolate within one would be free to exchange both mass and energy with its surroundings (and also to transfer happiness to anyone drinking it), making it an open system.

(e) This one is a bit existential, but because the 'surroundings' consist of the rest of the Universe outside of the system, when considering the Universe as a system, there is no 'rest of the Universe' to comprise the surroundings, and so the Universe has no surroundings with which to exchange mass or energy. Thus, the Universe is an isolated system.

(f) Water in a sealed bottle cannot be transferred from the bottle, nor can mass from the surroundings be transferred into the bottle - however, heat can be transferred between the water and the surroundings, so the bottle of water is a closed system.

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test by Jesse Ward in Jesse's workspace.

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Frances Docherty 3 weeks, 4 days ago

Frances Docherty 4 weeks, 1 day ago

Frances Docherty 4 weeks, 1 day ago

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